Friday, August 21, 2020

Prospero’s Abuse of Power in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay examples -

Prospero’s Abuse of Power in The Tempest   â â In William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero lives with his little girl Miranda on an abandoned island.â on a superficial level, he gives off an impression of being a kind head putting forth a valiant effort to secure and think about the occupants of the island, particularly for Miranda.â after looking into it further, in any case, Prospero plays God, controlling and making every person to fit the shape he desires.â He exploits his position over the individuals and circumstances he experiences while wearing a veneer of honesty and empathy to mask his wily expectations and to hold love and regard.  In Act I of the play, Prospero at last reveals to Miranda the woeful story of how she and he showed up on the island.â From the start, Prospero plays his subjects and his thoughtful crowd as pawns in his round of manipulation.â He clarifies that twelve years prior he was the Duke of Milan, yet being excited with his investigations, he left a large portion of the legislative obligations to his sibling Antonio.â Antonio, hungry to be Total Milan himself (1:2, p.6), continued to double-cross him with the assistance of King Alonso of Naples.â When Miranda inquires as to why they were not executed, Prospero murmurs, Dear, they durst not,/so dear the affection my kin bore me (1:2, p.7).â From the start, Prospero depicts himself as a separated researcher and cherished pioneer unjustifiably exploited by his capacity hungry brother.â Who might associate such a modest man with being mentally manipulative?â Prospero prevails with regards to misdirecting numerous with this tenab le pretense. Prospero's control of Miranda is clear all through The Tempest, even from their first conversation.â He says, Canst thou recall/An opportunity before we came unto this phone?/ I don't think th... ...hello have picked one another, when in certainty Prospero organized their experiencing passionate feelings for from the outset.â By utilizing reverse brain science to make the couple figure he doesn't favor of Ferdinand, Prospero catalyzes an insubordination to himself to bring the couple together.â In the end, Prospero uncovers himself to King Alonso and his men.â He liberates Ariel, pardons Caliban, and plans to come back to Milan where Miranda and Ferdinand will be married.â Prospero gets all that he needs - his dukedom, a ground-breaking child in-law, and an arrival to society. Works Cited and Consulted Corfield, Cosmo. For what reason Does Prospero Abjure His 'Harsh Magic,' Shakespeare Quarterly. 36 (1985): 31-4 8. Mowat, Barbara A. Prospero, Agrippa, and Hocus Pocus, English Literary Renaissance. 11 (1981): 281-3 03. Shakespeare, William.â The Tempest.â Mineloa, NY: Drover, 1999. Prospero’s Abuse of Power in Shakespeare's The Tempest Essay models - Prospero’s Abuse of Power in The Tempest   â â In William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero lives with his girl Miranda on an abandoned island.â on a superficial level, he has all the earmarks of being a big-hearted pioneer putting forth a valiant effort to ensure and think about the occupants of the island, particularly for Miranda.â after looking into it further, be that as it may, Prospero plays God, controlling and making every person to fit the shape he desires.â He exploits his power over the individuals and circumstances he experiences while wearing an exterior of trustworthiness and empathy to mask his wily expectations and to hold love and regard.  In Act I of the play, Prospero at long last discloses to Miranda the woeful story of how she and he showed up on the island.â From the start, Prospero plays his subjects and his thoughtful crowd as pawns in his round of manipulation.â He clarifies that twelve years back he was the Duke of Milan, yet being captivated with his investigations, he left the vast majority of the legislative obligations to his sibling Antonio.â Antonio, hungry to be Supreme Milan himself (1:2, p.6), continued to sell out him with the assistance of King Alonso of Naples.â When Miranda inquires as to why they were not executed, Prospero moans, Dear, they durst not,/so dear the affection my kin bore me (1:2, p.7).â From the start, Prospero depicts himself as a separated researcher and cherished pioneer unreasonably misled by his capacity hungry brother.â Who might associate such a modest man with being mentally manipulative?â Prospero prevails with regards to misleading numerous with this tena ble pretense. Prospero's control of Miranda is clear all through The Tempest, even from their first conversation.â He says, Canst thou recollect/An opportunity before we came unto this cell?/ I don't think th... ...hello have picked one another, when in reality Prospero coordinated their beginning to look all starry eyed at from the outset.â By utilizing reverse brain science to make the couple figure he doesn't support of Ferdinand, Prospero catalyzes a resistance to himself to bring the couple together.â In the end, Prospero uncovers himself to King Alonso and his men.â He liberates Ariel, pardons Caliban, and plans to come back to Milan where Miranda and Ferdinand will be married.â Prospero gets all that he needs - his dukedom, an amazing child in-law, and an arrival to society. Works Cited and Consulted Corfield, Cosmo. For what reason Does Prospero Abjure His 'Harsh Magic,' Shakespeare Quarterly. 36 (1985): 31-4 8. Mowat, Barbara A. Prospero, Agrippa, and Hocus Pocus, English Literary Renaissance. 11 (1981): 281-3 03. Shakespeare, William.â The Tempest.â Mineloa, NY: Drover, 1999.

Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Expansive Mood as a Manic Symptom in Bipolar Disorder

Expansive Mood as a Manic Symptom in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Expansive Mood as a Symptom of Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 08, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Li Kim Goh / Getty Images One of the criteria for diagnosing a manic or hypomanic episode of bipolar disorder is what we call an expansive mood. Individuals with an expansive mood may behave brashly or lavishly, assume a superior or grandiose attitude, or dress and act flamboyantly. They exhibit larger-than-life behaviors that can often be accompanied by (or result in) extreme bursts of irritability. Expansive Behavior in Bipolar Disorder An expansive mood can reap unfortunate consequences for a person with bipolar disorder, ranging from interpersonal confrontations to financial loss. Symptoms vary from person to person with some individuals believing themselves to be in a creative cycle while others are more disinhibited or recklessly impulsive. In some cases, the person may become excessively friendly to the point where the behavior seems exaggerated and extreme. Boundaries can be ignored and even casual acquaintances or strangers may be pulled in as intimate confidantes. Speech can often become inappropriate, such as making a crude joke at a church service or in a business meeting. Oftentimes, the person wont even understand why the behavior was wrong or how it offended others. It is common for a bipolar person with expansive mood to spend excessively. Credit cards can be maxed out in a sudden burst of grandiosity, lavishing with friends, relatives, or even passing acquaintances with expensive gifts. Much of these behaviors are centered around the need to garner attention. This can translate to dressing outlandishly or standing out in a way that is inappropriate (such as wearing a bright dress to a funeral). Expansive Mood and Other Manic Symptoms Expansive mood is often coupled with other signs of a manic episode. Irritability is one of them. If the person believes that he is being ignored or dismissed, his exaggerated sense of importance may result in a sudden, angry outburst. Over time, irritability and anger may displace the more flamboyant aspects of expansive mood as the manic episode progresses. The bipolar individual may also exhibit a decreased need for sleep, spending three hours or less per night in bed. Conversations can often be frenetic and scattered. The individual may engage in more goal-oriented activities (the need to accomplish something big now) while easily being sidetracked or distracted. More concerning, perhaps, is the sudden impulsiveness a person may exhibit during an expansive mood. It can lead to extreme risk-taking or the loss of restraint that can place the person directly in harms way. Causes The association between disinhibition and bipolar disorder is well known and strong. It may be as obvious as driving recklessly through city streets or as subtle as intentionally avoiding condoms with someone you just met. At its core is an individuals need to seek reward without the ability to fully discern safe gambles versus unsafe gambles. Neuroscience suggests that this behavior is driven, at least in part, by the over-activation of the nucleus accumbens, the brains pleasure center. It is also shown that activity in the prefrontal cortex, which plays a role in decision making, is more often impaired in bipolar individuals than in healthy ones. Together, these factors appear to play a foundational role in the behaviors that are symptomatic of expansive mood. A Word From Verywell Extravagant or outlandish behavior is not in itself an indication of bipolar disorder nor does a person with bipolar disorder necessarily exhibit the scale of symptoms described. However, if the cycling of moods, between extreme highs and extreme lows, is interfering with you or a loved ones ability to function, speak with your doctor and ask for a referral to a specialist experienced in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Treatment is available if needed.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Plato and Aristotles Impact on Rhetoric - 1503 Words

Plato and Aristotle are two rhetoricians than had a great impact on the history of rhetoric. Although they were similar in many ways, their use and definition of rhetoric were different. Plato had the more classical approach where he used rhetoric as a means of education to pass down his beliefs and practice of rhetoric to his students. He believed that it should be used to educate the masses, provoking thought, and thereby preserving that knowledge. Plato thought that rhetoric should be used to convey truth, truths already known to the audience, revealed through that dialectic critical thought. Plato also operated on absolute truths, things that are right or wrong, black or white. Aristotle was more modern in that he used rhetoric as a†¦show more content†¦However, Petruzzi explains that Platos dialogical strategy leads to an assumption of the indeterminate nature of truth and a â€Å"philosophical rhetor who knows that she is not able to know with any certainty† (Pe truzzi 16). He insists that the primary quality of Platos texts is â€Å"that dialogue and dialectic express neither a technical skill nor a method, but rather a mode of being-in-the-world: Dialectic is not so much a techne-that is, an ability and knowledge-as a way of being (Petruzzi 17). For Plato, rhetoric is is agreement between participants where its success is reliant upon them presenting opposing sides or bringing a problem under consideration. Petruzzi explains that Plato searched for a stable definition that would anchor a concept in â€Å"one unified and temporary intellectual position.† However, he struggled because the disclosure of truth, through dialogue and dialectic, â€Å"explicitly contains the perspectival and relational quality of aletheia, or unconcealment† (Petruzzi 17). As we see, Plato strove for truth, but his error with in thinking that there were absolute truths that don’t change. William Benoit said that Plato’s views stand i n sharp relief against those of the Sophists because he believed in certain knowledge, for he declares rather bluntly in the Gorgias that truth, you see, can never be refuted. In the Phaedrus, heShow MoreRelated Aristotle and the Techne of Rhetoric Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Techne of Rhetoric Between the third and fifth centuries B.C. there existed a â€Å"golden and classical age† of thought in the ancient world, with the majority of this activity centered in the polis of Athens, Greece. Although the city is historically recognized for its legendary conflict with rival polis Sparta, Athens is perhaps best known for the creation of democracy—that noble political experiment that laid the preliminary structure for most of the rights we AmericansRead More Sophists2245 Words   |  9 PagesSophists have been perpetuated in the history of philosophy primarily due to their most fierce critic Plato and his Gorgias, where Socrates brings profound accusations against the practice of sophists and declares notoriously rhetoric to be a part of flattery (ÃŽ ºÃŽ ¿ÃŽ »ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±, 463c). This paper focuses on the responses to sophists’ practices by Plato and Aristotle, analysing on the one hand criticism made on their practice, on the other, however, trying to evaluate in which respect the responses of theRead MoreAristotles Impact on Current Society812 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle’s Impact on Current Society _NAME___ HUM 360 B1 Wilmington University Aristotle was one of the most important western philosophers. He was a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. I found that his biggest impacts on modern society were in the subject areas of ethics, and zoology. Aristotle wrote the firstRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Aristotle s Theory Of Rhetoric1764 Words   |  8 PagesRhetoric can best be explained as how a speaker uses persuasion to influence their intended audience. Rhetoric is usually seen as a power that we as communicators are using to obtain the belief of others. Almost everyone uses rhetoric throughout their everyday lives without even knowing. We are constantly communicating with one another trying to prove some sort of point. There are many different figures that played a huge role in establishing rhetoric, but Aristotle is seen by many as the fatherRead MoreExpanding Beyond Philosophy: Aristotle919 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle, famous for his work in philosophy, also had a huge impact in the educational, political, and scientific world. Born in Stagira, Greece in 384 BC Aristotle is very highly credited for his influence on philosophy. Aristotle’s young life was very unstable. At only the age of ten did Aristotleâ⠂¬â„¢s father Nicomachus died, and short after his fathers’ death his mother also died. Aristotle was then put into the care of his uncle Proxenus. Although during the time Nicomachus was alive, he was theRead MoreAristotle s Influence On Modern Society1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe most influential person in the pre-modern age in World History is Aristotle. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including physics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and even zoology. Aristotle was one of the most important philosophers in Western thought, and was one of the first to systematize philosophy and science. Aristotle questioned the nature of the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Vincent Van Gogh s The Starry Night Painting1180 Words   |  5 Pages1. Select a non-discursive artifact such as a painting, a musical composition, a building, or a piece of furnitur e. Do the five canons of rhetoric—invention, organization, style, memory, and delivery—apply? If they do, explain how you see them manifest in the artifact. - The Starry Night painting by Vincent van Gogh utilizes the five canons of rhetoric in this artifact because van Gogh used the invention of his paintings by suffrage he was facing from mental illness, and he used his paintings asRead MoreAristotle s Views On Life And The World1735 Words   |  7 Pageshe was sent to Athens to study philosophy under Plato. Plato eventually died and Aristotle left Athens. He spent his time traveling and continuing his studies. In 338 he went to Macedonia and ended up tutoring Alexander the Great. He conquered Athens, which is when Aristotle returned and set up his own school. Alexander the Great died, and Aristotle was in danger of being put to death. He fled to Euboea, which is where he died. Aristotle’s studies focused on the reality in physical objectsRead MorePhilosophy of Management Leadership Essay1798 Words   |  8 PagesWritings by Sun Tzu on military leadership, Plato’s and Aristotle’s (Plato’s intellectual competitor and student) work questioning ‘who should rule us’, philosophy by Castiglione and others work jointly summarise classical leadership. In order to capture what can be said of today’s leadership with regard to classical writings on leadership one must question whether leadership is a changing phenomena over time or rather, whether there is a single best leadership style that suits all leaders in allRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Political Situation2648 Words   |  11 Pages 1. Introduction Plato and Aristotle are two of the most influential figures in academic history, yet in spite of their intricate relationship, the pair had differing, albeit not always opposing, views on language which could be argued to be a result of the changing politics of the Ancient Greek era. In this essay I will firstly explore the political situation surrounding the time of both philosophers. Following this, I will expand upon these findings and consolidate them in regards to various language

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Task Analysis Using Abc / Abm - 2226 Words

Task analysis using ABC/ABM Task analyses of the three Workflows were carried out using the task process diagrams created as described above. In management accounting, direct costs are defined as items with identifiable prices, such as drugs. Conversely, indirect costs are those for which multiple tasks are included and determining the relationship between the source and the cost accounting subject is difficult. In examining referral patients, importation of brought-in external PDI images was included as an indirect cost because various occupations and departments were involved and because it was not directly connected to the examinations. For task analyses, ABC, a method of accounting that addresses indirect cost allocation, was used. The ABC method calculates cost per activity unit by classifying tasks into smaller activity units.18) By subdividing the task process into activity units, ABC enables the calculation of labor costs required for data importation. While ABM uses ABC as an analysis tool for task improvement,21) the main characteristic of ABC is that it separates final results into value-added activities (those that add value), and non-value-added activities (those that do not add value). The resulting information allows for re-examination of the overall task process by determining whether or not each activity is adding value to the product. A previous study in the field of radiation19-20) that used ABC showed most of the tasks related to storing brought-inShow MoreRelatedActivity Based Management (ABM)2850 Words   |  12 Pages1.0 Introduction Activity based management (ABM) is a method of identifying and evaluating activities that a business performs using activity based costing (ABC) to carry out a value chain analysis or a re-engineering initiative to improve strategic and operational decisions in an organization. ABM can be divided into operational and strategic. Operational ABM is about â€Å"doing thing right†, using ABC information to improve efficiency. Those activities which add value to remain in business canRead MoreKaplan And Johnson s Theory Of Management Accounting2075 Words   |  9 Pagessystem that gave the wrong information. Traditional costing’s method for cost allocation is mainly based on direct labour hour which meant dividing using direct labour cost and would eventually lead to inaccurate information for managers. Kaplan and Johnson then develop Activity Based Costing (ABC) to provide a more accurate information for managers. The ABC would show a profitable product under traditional costing to be in fact unprofitable and vice-versa. Their academic publication lead to major changeRead MoreAdvantages of Activity Based Costing1622 Words   |  7 Pagessystem such Activity-Based Costing (ABC). ABC system has emerged as an alternative to traditional costing system to meet the need for accurate cost information about the products, services, customer and processes. ABC performs the arithmetic to provide accurate cost information while Activity Based Management (ABM) is focused on using this information obtained from ABC to manage activities in order to improving business (Gunasekaran et al., 2000). Generally ABC systems enable indirect and supportRead MoreGlobal Electronics Essay3073 Words   |  13 Pagesallow the reader to identify the behavioral variables that can determine the success of implementing an ABC system. There are several case studies that have been performed to examine technicalities in regards to ABC models and how profitability can be determined by the product, customer, or service. 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While ABC implementation issues are the focus of a number of articles, these issuesRead MoreMaf6803408 Words   |  14 PagesCUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS Customer profitability analysis (CPA) can be defined as a method used to compare the costs of all the activities used to support a customer or a customer group with the revenue generated by that customer or customer group. It is the analysis of the revenue and costs that relates to the customers which can be determined by considering the similarities and differences in customers’ buying behaviours and customer preferences. From the definition, it shows three featuresRead MoreManufacturing Company1731 Words   |  7 Pagesprotocols. In any communication strategy, identifying audience issues is a key task in ensuring effectiveness. The audience may include all of those who have some influence upon or are influenced by the information being shared. 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Subsequently, it analyzes several proposals, such as Customer-Driven ABC, Interorganizational Cost Management (IOCM), Resource Consumption Accounting (RCA) and Time-Driven ABC (TDABC)

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company and Sun Cellular Free Essays

1. What are the factors that contributed to URC’ s success? Some of the factors that contributed URC’s success are: Being innovative and aggressive frontrunner in the snack food industry. Its products can be found in virtually every household across the country, with market shares indicating that one out of every two modern snack products enjoyed by Filipino consumers is a URC offering. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company and Sun Cellular or any similar topic only for you Order Now The secret behind URC’s success is the EXCELLENT VALUE that its products provide consumers. URC products offer consumers world class quality at affordable prices. Using only state-of-the-art equipment and stringent manufacturing standards, the company is also well on its way to obtaining ISO 9002 Certification for all its plants. 2. Analyzed the growing market base in Asia. How did Gokongwei take advantage of it? Gokongwei take advantage the growing market base in Asia by producing innovative products but at the same time cheaper than the other products in the market. Gokongwei also provide goods that basically needed by the consumer. As his early life as a teen, Gokongwei learned that basic need are the best product that the demand will never cease. Also he offered fresh products that the other company didn’t offer. With this strategy invading the growing Asia market is possible. 3. Based on Gokongwei words of wisdom, how can the Philippines compete globally? â€Å" I am 81 today. But I do not forget the little boy that I was in the palengke in Cebu. I still believe in family. I still want to make good. I still don’t mind going up against those older and better than me. I still believe hard work will not fail me. And I still believe in people willing to think the same way. Through the years, the market place has expanded: between cities, between countries, between continents. I want to urge you all here to think bigger. Why serve 86 million when you can sell to four billion Asians? And that’s just to start you off. Because there is still the world beyond Asia. When you go back to your offices, think of ways to sell and market your products and services to the world. Create world-class brands. You can if you really tried. I did. As a boy, I sold peanuts from my backyard. Today, I sell snacks to the world. I want to see other Filipinos do the same. † Based on Gokongweis’ words of wisdom, to able for the Philippines to compete globally, we Filipino must not be afraid to take the challenge of competing against multinationals compny or bigger competitors. For us not to be aeaten by larger competitors we must make sure we came prepared with great products and great strategies. We ended up changing the rules of the game instead. 4. Are there hindrances for the Philippines inability to have it’s own global branch? Explain. Yes, there’s always an opportunity everyday passes our lives but ignore them as we don’t like of doing it because of PRIDE and FEAR. it is always printed in our mind that every time we saw something different we always ignore them as it is not our line of profession or simply saying its against our pride or just fear of doing it. if only we have the same determination and willingness to reach our goal just like Sir Gokongwei, then we are far more successful than any other countries. i knew that this is a life changing story and i hope that we all use it. I myself has a lot to work out specially my ATTITUDE. the attitude of wasting TIME. i have a lot of goals in life but did nothing to get them until time passes by and forgot them. if only i valued my time then i’m sure i would be now a somebody person. but its not yet late. starting immediately, ill make something different for my self. something that i can be proud of someday when my hair became grey†¦ and has a story to tell to my grandchildren. ITS NEVER LATE TO BE A SUCCESSFUL PERSON, just work it out. At the end, it is only you who will reap them all. don’t mind about the failure, as they say it is always â€Å"trial and error†, and always say it to your self † at least i tried†. but never stop from there. as from failure you will learn the best wisdom in life, and from wisdom can have the best weapon to fight the battle, and through your best weapon you will have a big chances to win. then you will have a story to tell†¦ who knows you might will become part of the business history. 5. Identify Gokongwei’s entrepreneurship traits which made him successful. Gokongwei’s entrepreneurship traits made him successful are: Self-determination This self-made entrepreneur is not afraid to become a second mover. He loves to offer an alternative from the number 1 company offering products and services like in telecommunications (SUN Cellular), real estate (Robinsons Land), and airline (Cebu Pacific). He doesn’t like mixing politics and business. He doesn’t like being very close to government. Because according to him, wealth that’s based purely on politics cannot be sustained. He thinks outside the envelope. Like Henry Sy Sr. and Andrew Tan, John Gokongwei Jr. thinks outside the envelope because he started his businesses from scratch. There’s no baggage and no tradition to follow. 6. Make a research on the acquisition of sun cellular by PLDT. Make your comments. PLDT buys majority stake of Sun Cellular The biggest IT story of the day is PLDT’s acquisition of Digitel which operates Sun Celluar, the 3rd largest telco player in the Philippines. PLDT, which owns Smart Comm. , becomes a much bigger operator and strengthening it’s number 1 spot in the country. The Philippine Long Distance Telephone company announced today its acquisition of Digital Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. (Digitel) from JG Summit amounting to Php74. 1 billion or 51. 55% shares in exchange of new PLDT assets worth 2,500 per share. Digitel, which owns Sun Cellular, announced that under the new leadership the paired networks will continue to the expansion of broadband rollout and other next generation technologies in both fixed and wired services. PLDT says Sun Cellular will remain a separate entity and retain the brand. Smart already surpassed 45 million subscribers in 2010 while Sun Cellular, which has over 16 million subs, was already inching closer to Globe Telecom (26. 5 million). Smart’s rapid growth and expansion requires more wider frequency and that might have prompted the Sun Cellular buy-out. At the same time, Sun Cellular has become a large player in terms of post-paid subscribers (even the first one to reach 1 million). Meanwhile, Smart has only around 500k postpaid subscribers while Globe has around 900k. From having 3 large celco players, we now have just 2 — Smart at far #1 and Globe at a minority #2. COMMENT: This strategy that PLDT done is what we called Globalization, since the market for networks are now vast where there are various networks competing with each other,companies now have to buy another network. To maintain quality and competitive pricing, PLDT have redesigned their organizational structures and strategically buy the competing netwoork such as Sun cellular to lessen the competitors in the industry. How to cite Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company and Sun Cellular, Papers

Friday, April 24, 2020

William ShakespeareS The Merchant Of Venice - Shylock Essays

William Shakespeare'S The Merchant Of Venice - Shylock Throughout the course of history, Jews have been relentlessly persecuted. The English are not an exception, since their history shows that the general English attitude towards Jews during the Elizabethan Era is anti-Semitic. This negative bias towards Jews is apparently clear in Elizabethan literature, including William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. Shylock, the Jewish antagonist in Shakespeare's play, is stereotypically portrayed as a villain in accordance to popular prejudice. Thus, Shylock is labeled as a villain because he is a Jew. This misconception of Jews as being villainous in nature persisted well into the 20th century until the recent mass genocide of Jews in Hitler's Nazi Germany. This appalling incident is the marking point that sensitized the modern reader to Jewish sufferings. Thus, in the eyes of the modern reader, Shylock's characterization as a villain due to his religious convictions is refuted. Still, it is not only sympathy that deems Shylock as a hero bu t also the injustice he suffers in the hands of the Christian society which includes his converted daughter Jessica. Shylock's character is defended from its villainous interpretation upon two factors: ?the sociological, which exonerates Shylock on the basis of environmental pressures, and the racial, which assimilates him to the whole appalling history of anti-Semitism? (1). Based on the racial issue, Shylock's character is condemned because he is a Jew. Shylock's role as a villain in the play reflects the general racist prejudices against Jews. Therefore, from his first appearance, Shylock does not have a chance to appeal to the audience. Thus, to the modern reader, Shylock is a victim of injustice which is representative of his race. By understanding the history behind the creation of Shylock, his tribulations can be assimilated to the general Jewish suffering. Judaism has a long history of persecution. A brief historical analysis of Jewish and Christian relations in England reveals a general anti-Semitic attitude towards the outnumbered Jews. A drastic example of this negative feeling is King Edward the First's expulsion of the Jews in 1290 which staged a virtual mass deportation of Jews from England. For the next three hundred sixty six years, the Jewish population dramatically decreased to a few hundreds until the reinstatement of Jews back into England in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell. Still, anti-Semitic feelings were strong as illustrated by the popularity of William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice as well as Marlow's drama The Jew of Malta. Shakespeare, taking advantage of the public's anti-Jewish feelings, ?borrowed? ideas from his fellow playwright Marlow and designed the character of Shylock. This proved to be advantageous since the play achieved much success and Shakespeare was a major shareholder of his theatrical company (2). Sh akespeare's play was popular not only because it was a well written copyright infringement, but it gave the audience what they wanted. Another example of the popularity of Shakespeare's play due to its anti-Semitic undertones is the strong protests elicited by the Drury Lane theater when they failed to stage the play during the controversy over the Jew Bill (3). The Jewish Naturalization Bill, or Jew Bill, was simply ?a slight alteration in the requirements for how foreign Jews could become naturalized British subjects? (4). Even though the bill was a minor amendment, Englishmen were so adamantly obsessed with the idea of hating Jews that the Jew Bill was finally repealed. Thus, Shylock's character was created in an era where religious intolerance alienated Jews from the Christian commonwealth. Based on the sociological factor, Shylock is a sympathetic character because of the environmental pressures in the play. Antonio, Shylock's mortal enemy, is a prime example of the treatment that Shylock constantly receives in the Christian society of Venice. Antonio holds a personal vendetta towards Shylock simply because he is a Jew; ?He hath disgraced me?. thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies?and what's his reason? I am a Jew? (III.i. 97). Antonio also wrongs Shylock by hurling insults at him such as ?cutthroat dog?, ?misbeliever?, and even goes to the extent of spitting on him (I.iii. 35). This is the unfriendly environment that Shylock is staged in. He has no hope for reconciliation with the Christian community because they